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Pashtunistan
Pashtunistan ((パシュトー語:پښتونستان), ''Pax̌tūnistān''; also called Pukhtunistan, or Pathanistan, meaning the "land of Pashtuns")〔Various spellings result from different pronunciation in various Pashto dialects. See Pashto language: Dialects for further information.〕 or Greater Pashtunistan is the geographic region inhabited by the indigenous Pashtun people of modern-day Afghanistan and Pakistan. Alternative names historically used for the region included "''Afghānistān''" and "''Pax̌tūnkhwā''" (for present Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province specifically, since at least the 3rd century CE onward). Pashtunistan borders the Punjab to the east, Persian-speaking regions to the west and north, Kashmir to the northeast, and the Balochistan region to the south.
For administrative division in 1893, Mortimer Durand drew the Durand Line, fixing the limits of the spheres of influence between King Abdur Rahman Khan and British India. This porous line that runs through the center of the Pashtun region forms the modern border between Afghanistan and Pakistan.〔(Pakistan: Analyst Discusses Controversial 'Pashtunistan' Proposal ), Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFERL)〕 Roughly, the Pashtun homeland stretches from areas south of the Amu River in Afghanistan to west of the Indus River in Pakistan, mainly consisting of southwestern, eastern and some northern districts of Afghanistan, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the Federally Administered Tribal Areas and northern Balochistan in Pakistan.
==Origin of term==
The name used for the region during the middle ages and up until the 20th century was Afghanistan and Pakhtunkhwa (for present Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province specifically),〔 which has been mentioned by Ahmad Shah Durrani in his famous couplet, by 6th-century Indian astronomer Varahamihira, 7th-century Chinese pilgrim Hiven Tsiang, 14th-century Moroccan scholar Ibn Batutta, Mughal Emperor Babur, 16th-century historian Firishta and many others.
The name Pakhtunistan ((パシュトー語:پښتونستان) (Naskh)), or in the soft Pashto dialect, Pashtunistan, evolved originally from the Indian word "Pathanistan" (while Pathandesh is also an acceptable word)(Hindustani: (Nastaleeq), पठानिस्तान (Devanagari)). The very concept of Pashtunistan was taken from the old word "Pakhtunkhwa". The British Indian leaders and some of the Khudai Khidmatgars started using the word "Pathanistan" to refer to the region, and later on the word "Pashtunistan" became more popular.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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